The UN headquarters in New York |
The
United Nations, an international cooperation agency that was established to
safeguard the rights and needs of people around the world,is celebrating its
67th Foundation Day today. It is an agency where many languages are spoken,
where many cultures are evident and where customs and traditions observed by
its international staff are different and unique – differences that converge to
realize common goals for all the citizens of the world. Despite its members
coming from different backgrounds and speaking different mother tongues, they
do understand one another. The United Nations has six official languages, which
are English, Spanish, French, Russian, Arabic and Mandarin Chinese.
October
24th is known all over the world as United Nations Day. It is
loosely considered as an American holiday and a day for donning colorful
costumes for the parade of nations. But beyond the festivities, United Nations
Day is an important holiday that celebrates the diversity of cultures,
religions and customs all over the world. It also commemorates the founding of
an international body that looks out for the marginalized people, works to stop
abuse and human trafficking, as well as foster peace and cooperation among
nations.
The
United Nations General Assembly established October 24 as a UN holiday in 1948.
This was the same day that the United Nations Charter was adopted in 1945. The
entire celebration runs from October 20 to October 24 and the main purpose is
to uphold the main goals of the United Nations - international economic development, security,
social progress, human rights and world peace.
Map showing the member states of the UN |
Before
the Second World War ended in 1945, 26 member countries of the Allied Forces
pledged their government support to continue the fight against the Axis
alliance and what they represent in 1942. Earlier, states established different
international organizations, such as the International Telecommunication Union,
the Universal Postal Union and the International Telegraph Union late in the
1900s. The Universal Postal Union and the International Telecommunication Union
later became specialized agencies of the United Nations.
The
League of Nations, the forerunner to the UN was conceived much earlier, as it
had its beginning during the First World War and finally established in 1919 by
virtue of the Treaty of Versailles. The aim of the League of Nations was very
similar to what the UN’s guiding principles state. The formation of the
International Labor Organization, now a part of the UN, was also included in
the treaty. It was due to the League’s ability to stop the Second World War
that the League of nations ceased to
exist
It
was in the spring of 1945 when representatives of the first 50 member nations
converged in San Francisco to finalize the Charter of the United Nations.
October 24th marks the date that the required number of ratifications had been
met in order to officially launch the United Nations. Imagine a world emerging
from the ravages of World War II, fraught with chaos, destruction and poverty.
Here comes a group that says “never again,” “no more war” and their aim was to
prevent future generations from experiencing the scourge of war. At the same
time, the United Nations wanted people to rekindle their faith in humanity by
safeguarding human rights and improving the standards of living and upholding
freedom.
Coining the name
Then
U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt initially suggested that the name
United Nations be used to refer to the Allies of World War II. Roosevelt later
adopted the name and the term was officially used in January 1, 1942 with the
Declaration by the United Nations.
The
United Nations Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco
on April 25, 1945. The conference aimed to write the charter for the United
Nations and lay the groundwork for the organization. Fifty nations were
represented in the conference. Also invited to attend the conference were
non-government organizations which included the Rotary International and the
Lions Clubs International. Two months after, on June 26, the Charter of the
United Nations was signed by the representatives of the original fifty nations.
Three months later, Poland signed the charter on October 15, as Poland was not able
to send a representative because of political problems.
The
United Nations charter was ratified by the governments of China, France, the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the United States
of America, and the majority of the 46 other signatory countries. The Charter
was ratified on October 24, 1945, officially forming the United Nations.
Fostering cooperation and peace
The
United Nations had an ambitious goal of preventing conflict between nations in
order to prevent new wars from erupting. But while they had purely good
intentions, their work was not always well received. From the years 1947 to
1991, the United Nations worked overtime to mount peacekeeping missions in
various war-torn areas of the world. International groups turned to the UN as
the agency to go to whenever there are programs that plan to work on world
peace and global cooperation. Additionally, when the Soviet Union split up, the
U.S. was left in a position of international leadership and this brought about new
problems for the UN.
In
December of 1945, the two houses of the U.S. Congress petitioned that the UN
headquarters be moved to the U.S. The United Nations building was constructed
in New York City from 1949 to 1950. The headquarters is located along the East
River and sits on a piece of property purchased from the generous donation of
John D. Rockefeller amounting to USD 8.5 million. The UN headquarters was
officially opened on January 9, 1951, although the building was not fully
completed until October 9, 1952.
Apart
from their headquarters in New York, the United Nations also has satellite
offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague, among others. Like any other diplomatic agency, the UN also
has some diplomatic privileges and immunities but in general, the laws of the
host cities and country still apply.
UN Members
Under
the by-laws, UN membership is only reserved to sovereign states. The Vatican
City is the only exception in this case because although it is not a member, it
holds the status of a permanent UN observer. In addition to the member states,
the United Nations also extends invitations to become observers to non-member
states, international organizations as well as other entities who may or may
not have complete sovereignty. UN observers could participate during meetings
and conferences, but they are not allowed to vote in the General Assemblies.
There
are currently 193 United Nations member states, and each of them actively
participates in the United Nations General Assembly. Membership to the United
Nations may be extended to other peace-loving states for as long as they are
ready, willing and able to comply with the UN's rules and member obligations.
All new memberships must first be approved by the General Assembly after a recommendation
has been made by the Security Council.
In
order to get a Security Council endorsement, a country or state would need 9
votes out of 15 from the council. This must then be followed a two-thirds
majority vote from the UN General Assembly.
Joining in the UN celebrations
United
Nations Day is colorful, fun and vibrant and has become a symbol of
international cooperation and peace. Throughout the years, UN Day is celebrated
in hundreds of countries. The festivities and activities range from displaying
the UN flag in civic sites; debates and symposia; to parades, pageants and
fiestas with plenty of food, song and dance.
The
celebrations commemorate the hardships of the past generations when it came to
peace keeping and fostering International cooperation and understanding. While
the reality remains that there is no shortcut towards attaining true world
peace, the UN has certainly come a long way in helping nations begin
multilateral processes on various global issues.
United
Nations Day programs are the perfect opportunity to recognize problems that are
common to all nations and what we should all do to address them.
Commitment to peace
The
United Nations started in October 24, 1945, with only 50 countries as members.
To this day it continues to commit to its mandate of fostering international
peace and security and developing friendly relations between nations.
Additionally, you would see the UN actively campaigning for the reduction of
poverty in the poorest of nations as well as the alleviation of hunger in
densely populated regions around the globe.
The
UN is also involved in promoting socio-economic development and for the
recognition and preservation of basic human rights, gender sensitivity, women's
reproductive health and women empowerment. Moreover, the United Nations also
work to conserve the environment and develop blueprints for sustainable living.
The UN Secretary-General's message
UN
Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has delivered a message for this year's
celebration of United Nations Day. While he is happy with the achievements and
accomplishments of the UN over the years, he is reminding everyone to keep
their eyes set on the 2015 deadline for Millennium Development Goals.
“We are living through a period of
profound turmoil, transition and transformation. Insecurity, inequality and
intolerance are spreading. Global and national institutions are being put to
the test. With so much at stake, the United Nations must keep pace across the
spectrum of its activities — peace, development, human rights, the rule of law,
the empowerment of the world's women and youth,” the Secretary-General's message states.
Ban
Ki-moon was also proud to report that through the United Nation's work, extreme
poverty has been cut in half since 2000. And because democratic transitions are
happening in more and more countries, economic growth and progress have shown
signs of improvement.
The
Secretary General underscored the need to intensify efforts to achieve the
lifesaving targets laid out in the Millennium Development Goals.
In
his speech the UN Secretary General added, “The
United Nations is not just a meeting place for diplomats. The United Nations is
a peacekeeper disarming fighters, a health worker distributing medicine, a
relief team aiding refugees, a human rights expert helping deliver justice. In
carrying out this global mission we rely on countless friends and supporters.
Non-governmental organizations, scientists, scholars, philanthropists,
religious leaders, business executives and concerned citizens are critical to
our success. No single leader, country or institution can do everything. But
each of us, in our own way, can do something.”
It takes everyone's help
As
we celebrate United Nations Day today, it is also important that each and every
citizen – all 7 billion people on the planet – reaffirm their commitment and
resolve to build a better world for us and our future children. It is not
enough to rely on the United Nations to foster peace, create missions, and send
them to different regions across the globe. We must be reminded that every step
we take should be a step forward towards the fulfillment of these goals. What
we do today will determine the kind of world we leave to our children and the
next generations.
The
United Nations is an international body composed of hundreds of countries and
states. They speak different languages and come from different cultures but
they set their differences aside and work towards a common goal – world peace.
To make
their work more efficient and accurate, the United Nations makes use of
thousands of translators and interpreters to help convey their message. Like
the UN, you too can employ the services of expert interpreters and translators
for your official needs.
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